eventlet.green.zmq – ØMQ support

pyzmq [1] is a python binding to the C++ ØMQ [2] library written in Cython [3]. eventlet.green.zmq is greenthread aware version of pyzmq.

The zmq module wraps the Socket and Context found in pyzmq to be non blocking.

class eventlet.green.zmq.Context(io_threads=1, **kwargs)

Bases: zmq.sugar.context.Context

Subclass of zmq.Context

socket(socket_type)

Overridden method to ensure that the green version of socket is used

Behaves the same as zmq.Context.socket(), but ensures that a Socket with all of its send and recv methods set to be non-blocking is returned

class eventlet.green.zmq.Socket(context, socket_type)

Bases: zmq.sugar.socket.Socket

Green version of :class:`zmq.core.socket.Socket

The following three methods are always overridden:
  • send
  • recv
  • getsockopt

To ensure that the zmq.NOBLOCK flag is set and that sending or receiving is deferred to the hub (using eventlet.hubs.trampoline()) if a zmq.EAGAIN (retry) error is raised

For some socket types, the following methods are also overridden:
  • send_multipart
  • recv_multipart
recv(flags=0, copy=True, track=False)

Receive a message.

flags : int
Any supported flag: NOBLOCK. If NOBLOCK is set, this method will raise a ZMQError with EAGAIN if a message is not ready. If NOBLOCK is not set, then this method will block until a message arrives.
copy : bool
Should the message be received in a copying or non-copying manner? If False a Frame object is returned, if True a string copy of message is returned.
track : bool
Should the message be tracked for notification that ZMQ has finished with it? (ignored if copy=True)
msg : bytes, Frame
The received message frame. If copy is False, then it will be a Frame, otherwise it will be bytes.
ZMQError
for any of the reasons zmq_msg_recv might fail.
send(data, flags=0, copy=True, track=False)

Send a message on this socket.

This queues the message to be sent by the IO thread at a later time.

data : object, str, Frame
The content of the message.
flags : int
Any supported flag: NOBLOCK, SNDMORE.
copy : bool
Should the message be sent in a copying or non-copying manner.
track : bool
Should the message be tracked for notification that ZMQ has finished with it? (ignored if copy=True)
None : if copy or not track
None if message was sent, raises an exception otherwise.
MessageTracker : if track and not copy
a MessageTracker object, whose pending property will be True until the send is completed.
TypeError
If a unicode object is passed
ValueError
If track=True, but an untracked Frame is passed.
ZMQError
If the send does not succeed for any reason.
bind(addr)

Bind the socket to an address.

This causes the socket to listen on a network port. Sockets on the other side of this connection will use Socket.connect(addr) to connect to this socket.

addr : str
The address string. This has the form ‘protocol://interface:port’, for example ‘tcp://127.0.0.1:5555’. Protocols supported include tcp, udp, pgm, epgm, inproc and ipc. If the address is unicode, it is encoded to utf-8 first.
bind_to_random_port(addr, min_port=49152, max_port=65536, max_tries=100)

bind this socket to a random port in a range

If the port range is unspecified, the system will choose the port.

addr : str
The address string without the port to pass to Socket.bind().
min_port : int, optional
The minimum port in the range of ports to try (inclusive).
max_port : int, optional
The maximum port in the range of ports to try (exclusive).
max_tries : int, optional
The maximum number of bind attempts to make.
port : int
The port the socket was bound to.
ZMQBindError
if max_tries reached before successful bind
close(linger=None)

Close the socket.

If linger is specified, LINGER sockopt will be set prior to closing.

This can be called to close the socket by hand. If this is not called, the socket will automatically be closed when it is garbage collected.

connect(addr)

Connect to a remote 0MQ socket.

addr : str
The address string. This has the form ‘protocol://interface:port’, for example ‘tcp://127.0.0.1:5555’. Protocols supported are tcp, upd, pgm, inproc and ipc. If the address is unicode, it is encoded to utf-8 first.
disable_monitor()

Shutdown the PAIR socket (created using get_monitor_socket) that is serving socket events.

New in version 14.4.

disconnect(addr)

Disconnect from a remote 0MQ socket (undoes a call to connect).

New in version libzmq-3.2.

New in version 13.0.

addr : str
The address string. This has the form ‘protocol://interface:port’, for example ‘tcp://127.0.0.1:5555’. Protocols supported are tcp, upd, pgm, inproc and ipc. If the address is unicode, it is encoded to utf-8 first.
get(option)

Get the value of a socket option.

See the 0MQ API documentation for details on specific options.

option : int

The option to get. Available values will depend on your version of libzmq. Examples include:

zmq.IDENTITY, HWM, LINGER, FD, EVENTS
optval : int or bytes
The value of the option as a bytestring or int.
get_hwm()

get the High Water Mark

On libzmq ≥ 3, this gets SNDHWM if available, otherwise RCVHWM

get_monitor_socket(events=None, addr=None)

Return a connected PAIR socket ready to receive the event notifications.

New in version libzmq-4.0.

New in version 14.0.

events : bitfield (int) [default: ZMQ_EVENTS_ALL]
The bitmask defining which events are wanted.
addr : string [default: None]
The optional endpoint for the monitoring sockets.
socket : (PAIR)
The socket is already connected and ready to receive messages.
get_string(option, encoding='utf-8')

get the value of a socket option

See the 0MQ documentation for details on specific options.

option : int
The option to retrieve.
optval : unicode string (unicode on py2, str on py3)
The value of the option as a unicode string.
getsockopt(option)

s.get(option)

Get the value of a socket option.

See the 0MQ API documentation for details on specific options.

option : int

The option to get. Available values will depend on your version of libzmq. Examples include:

zmq.IDENTITY, HWM, LINGER, FD, EVENTS
optval : int or bytes
The value of the option as a bytestring or int.
getsockopt_string(option, encoding='utf-8')

get the value of a socket option

See the 0MQ documentation for details on specific options.

option : int
The option to retrieve.
optval : unicode string (unicode on py2, str on py3)
The value of the option as a unicode string.
getsockopt_unicode(option, encoding='utf-8')

get the value of a socket option

See the 0MQ documentation for details on specific options.

option : int
The option to retrieve.
optval : unicode string (unicode on py2, str on py3)
The value of the option as a unicode string.
hwm

get the High Water Mark

On libzmq ≥ 3, this gets SNDHWM if available, otherwise RCVHWM

monitor(addr, flags)

Start publishing socket events on inproc. See libzmq docs for zmq_monitor for details.

While this function is available from libzmq 3.2, pyzmq cannot parse monitor messages from libzmq prior to 4.0.

addr : str
The inproc url used for monitoring. Passing None as the addr will cause an existing socket monitor to be deregistered.
events : int [default: zmq.EVENT_ALL]
The zmq event bitmask for which events will be sent to the monitor.
poll(timeout=None, flags=1)

poll the socket for events

The default is to poll forever for incoming events. Timeout is in milliseconds, if specified.

timeout : int [default: None]
The timeout (in milliseconds) to wait for an event. If unspecified (or specified None), will wait forever for an event.
flags : bitfield (int) [default: POLLIN]
The event flags to poll for (any combination of POLLIN|POLLOUT). The default is to check for incoming events (POLLIN).
events : bitfield (int)
The events that are ready and waiting. Will be 0 if no events were ready by the time timeout was reached.
recv(flags=0, copy=True, track=False)

Receive a message.

flags : int
Any supported flag: NOBLOCK. If NOBLOCK is set, this method will raise a ZMQError with EAGAIN if a message is not ready. If NOBLOCK is not set, then this method will block until a message arrives.
copy : bool
Should the message be received in a copying or non-copying manner? If False a Frame object is returned, if True a string copy of message is returned.
track : bool
Should the message be tracked for notification that ZMQ has finished with it? (ignored if copy=True)
msg : bytes, Frame
The received message frame. If copy is False, then it will be a Frame, otherwise it will be bytes.
ZMQError
for any of the reasons zmq_msg_recv might fail.
recv_json(flags=0, **kwargs)

receive a Python object as a message using json to serialize

Keyword arguments are passed on to json.loads

flags : int
Any valid recv flag.
obj : Python object
The Python object that arrives as a message.
recv_multipart(flags=0, copy=True, track=False)

receive a multipart message as a list of bytes or Frame objects

flags : int, optional
Any supported flag: NOBLOCK. If NOBLOCK is set, this method will raise a ZMQError with EAGAIN if a message is not ready. If NOBLOCK is not set, then this method will block until a message arrives.
copy : bool, optional
Should the message frame(s) be received in a copying or non-copying manner? If False a Frame object is returned for each part, if True a copy of the bytes is made for each frame.
track : bool, optional
Should the message frame(s) be tracked for notification that ZMQ has finished with it? (ignored if copy=True)
msg_parts : list
A list of frames in the multipart message; either Frames or bytes, depending on copy.
recv_pyobj(flags=0)

receive a Python object as a message using pickle to serialize

flags : int
Any valid recv flag.
obj : Python object
The Python object that arrives as a message.
recv_string(flags=0, encoding='utf-8')

receive a unicode string, as sent by send_string

flags : int
Any valid recv flag.
encoding : str [default: ‘utf-8’]
The encoding to be used
s : unicode string (unicode on py2, str on py3)
The Python unicode string that arrives as encoded bytes.
recv_unicode(flags=0, encoding='utf-8')

receive a unicode string, as sent by send_string

flags : int
Any valid recv flag.
encoding : str [default: ‘utf-8’]
The encoding to be used
s : unicode string (unicode on py2, str on py3)
The Python unicode string that arrives as encoded bytes.
send(data, flags=0, copy=True, track=False)

Send a message on this socket.

This queues the message to be sent by the IO thread at a later time.

data : object, str, Frame
The content of the message.
flags : int
Any supported flag: NOBLOCK, SNDMORE.
copy : bool
Should the message be sent in a copying or non-copying manner.
track : bool
Should the message be tracked for notification that ZMQ has finished with it? (ignored if copy=True)
None : if copy or not track
None if message was sent, raises an exception otherwise.
MessageTracker : if track and not copy
a MessageTracker object, whose pending property will be True until the send is completed.
TypeError
If a unicode object is passed
ValueError
If track=True, but an untracked Frame is passed.
ZMQError
If the send does not succeed for any reason.
send_json(obj, flags=0, **kwargs)

send a Python object as a message using json to serialize

Keyword arguments are passed on to json.dumps

obj : Python object
The Python object to send
flags : int
Any valid send flag
send_multipart(msg_parts, flags=0, copy=True, track=False)

send a sequence of buffers as a multipart message

The zmq.SNDMORE flag is added to all msg parts before the last.

msg_parts : iterable
A sequence of objects to send as a multipart message. Each element can be any sendable object (Frame, bytes, buffer-providers)
flags : int, optional
SNDMORE is handled automatically for frames before the last.
copy : bool, optional
Should the frame(s) be sent in a copying or non-copying manner.
track : bool, optional
Should the frame(s) be tracked for notification that ZMQ has finished with it (ignored if copy=True).

None : if copy or not track MessageTracker : if track and not copy

a MessageTracker object, whose pending property will be True until the last send is completed.
send_pyobj(obj, flags=0, protocol=2)

send a Python object as a message using pickle to serialize

obj : Python object
The Python object to send.
flags : int
Any valid send flag.
protocol : int
The pickle protocol number to use. The default is pickle.DEFAULT_PROTOCOL where defined, and pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL elsewhere.
send_string(u, flags=0, copy=True, encoding='utf-8')

send a Python unicode string as a message with an encoding

0MQ communicates with raw bytes, so you must encode/decode text (unicode on py2, str on py3) around 0MQ.

u : Python unicode string (unicode on py2, str on py3)
The unicode string to send.
flags : int, optional
Any valid send flag.
encoding : str [default: ‘utf-8’]
The encoding to be used
send_unicode(u, flags=0, copy=True, encoding='utf-8')

send a Python unicode string as a message with an encoding

0MQ communicates with raw bytes, so you must encode/decode text (unicode on py2, str on py3) around 0MQ.

u : Python unicode string (unicode on py2, str on py3)
The unicode string to send.
flags : int, optional
Any valid send flag.
encoding : str [default: ‘utf-8’]
The encoding to be used
set(option, optval)

Set socket options.

See the 0MQ API documentation for details on specific options.

option : int

The option to set. Available values will depend on your version of libzmq. Examples include:

zmq.SUBSCRIBE, UNSUBSCRIBE, IDENTITY, HWM, LINGER, FD
optval : int or bytes
The value of the option to set.

Warning

All options other than zmq.SUBSCRIBE, zmq.UNSUBSCRIBE and zmq.LINGER only take effect for subsequent socket bind/connects.

set_hwm(value)

set the High Water Mark

On libzmq ≥ 3, this sets both SNDHWM and RCVHWM

Warning

New values only take effect for subsequent socket bind/connects.

set_string(option, optval, encoding='utf-8')

set socket options with a unicode object

This is simply a wrapper for setsockopt to protect from encoding ambiguity.

See the 0MQ documentation for details on specific options.

option : int
The name of the option to set. Can be any of: SUBSCRIBE, UNSUBSCRIBE, IDENTITY
optval : unicode string (unicode on py2, str on py3)
The value of the option to set.
encoding : str
The encoding to be used, default is utf8
setsockopt()

s.set(option, optval)

Set socket options.

See the 0MQ API documentation for details on specific options.

option : int

The option to set. Available values will depend on your version of libzmq. Examples include:

zmq.SUBSCRIBE, UNSUBSCRIBE, IDENTITY, HWM, LINGER, FD
optval : int or bytes
The value of the option to set.

Warning

All options other than zmq.SUBSCRIBE, zmq.UNSUBSCRIBE and zmq.LINGER only take effect for subsequent socket bind/connects.

setsockopt_string(option, optval, encoding='utf-8')

set socket options with a unicode object

This is simply a wrapper for setsockopt to protect from encoding ambiguity.

See the 0MQ documentation for details on specific options.

option : int
The name of the option to set. Can be any of: SUBSCRIBE, UNSUBSCRIBE, IDENTITY
optval : unicode string (unicode on py2, str on py3)
The value of the option to set.
encoding : str
The encoding to be used, default is utf8
setsockopt_unicode(option, optval, encoding='utf-8')

set socket options with a unicode object

This is simply a wrapper for setsockopt to protect from encoding ambiguity.

See the 0MQ documentation for details on specific options.

option : int
The name of the option to set. Can be any of: SUBSCRIBE, UNSUBSCRIBE, IDENTITY
optval : unicode string (unicode on py2, str on py3)
The value of the option to set.
encoding : str
The encoding to be used, default is utf8
classmethod shadow(address)

Shadow an existing libzmq socket

address is the integer address of the libzmq socket or an FFI pointer to it.

New in version 14.1.

unbind(addr)

Unbind from an address (undoes a call to bind).

New in version libzmq-3.2.

New in version 13.0.

addr : str
The address string. This has the form ‘protocol://interface:port’, for example ‘tcp://127.0.0.1:5555’. Protocols supported are tcp, upd, pgm, inproc and ipc. If the address is unicode, it is encoded to utf-8 first.
underlying

The address of the underlying libzmq socket

[1]http://github.com/zeromq/pyzmq
[2]http://www.zeromq.com
[3]http://www.cython.org